Public Health and Economic Effects of Influenza Vaccination

Abstract

Seasonal influenza constitutes a severe global health challenge, characterized by annual recurrence, millions of infections and substantial mortality each year. Its persistent circulation not only imposes heavy burdens on healthcare systems worldwide but also inflicts notable economic losses. Given the predictable nature of seasonal influenza outbreaks, long-term prevention strategies centered on vaccination have proven more effective in mitigating its impact compared to short-term control measures. This paper studies how vaccination policies work in different regions and how they affect health systems, economic costs, and antiviral resistance. Data from WHO, CDC, and other studies show that higher vaccination coverage clearly lowers infections, hospital stays, and deaths. Even small increases in coverage can prevent many cases. Vaccination also saves medical costs, keeps hospitals less crowded, and slows drug resistance by reducing antiviral use. However, problems such as vaccine hesitancy, low access in rural and low-income areas, and weak global surveillance still limit progress. To solve these issues, countries need clear communication, free or low-cost vaccination, stronger monitoring, and better government support. These actions can raise vaccination rates, make health systems more stable, and help the world prepare for future outbreaks.