Viral Missiles: Research Advances in Achieving Efficient Targeted Delivery of Cancer Therapeutics Using Viral Vectors

Abstract

Cancer has become one of the main diseases threatening human health. Although traditional methods such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy have improved the prognosis of patients to some extent, there are still various problems, such as strong side effects, high recurrence rate and insufficient targeting. With the development of the concepts of precision medicine and targeted therapy, viral vectors have become an important tool to construct new targeted drug delivery systems, because they have the ability of cell infection and gene transfer.This study conducted a systematic review of relevant literature, the application strategy and research progress of virus vector in achieving efficient targeted drug delivery in tumors are comprehensively expounded, and its advantages and mechanisms in drug loading, gene regulation and immune activation are emphatically introduced. The results show that after structural modification, promoter improvement and receptor-mediated recognition, viral vectors can significantly improve drug delivery efficiency and targeting characteristics, and achieve this goal on the basis of ensuring safety.This conclusion provides important theoretical basis and technical direction for precision treatment of tumors. During this period, it also faces the problem of controlling immune response and improving drug delivery efficiency in solid tumors, so it is necessary to explore more engineering improvement methods and transformation ways.