Research Progress on the NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Tumor Microenvironment

Abstract

Cancers are major threats in the global health field with increased cases of occurrences. It progresses through several different steps, with all of them intricate chemical signaling. Recent progress in tumor microenvironment studies have revealed that tumors are robust communities that are constituted by tumor cells, immune cells and other stromal cells. The tumor immune microenvironment is central to the tumor microenvironment and has a fundamental influence on tumor progression and prognosis and directly on the effectiveness of anti-tumor therapy. In case the malfunction of immune cells occurs, that will result in dysfunction of the immune system, and it will be harder to treat. The NF-κB family of key transcription factors is one of the numerous signal transduction pathways involved in the tumor immune microenvironment and has received significant attention because of its involvement in the survival of cells, immunity, and inflammation. Canonical NF-κB is directly related to the progression of malignancies. Their state of functional activities and cytokine secretion can be fine-tuned by it to affect the malignant states of cancer cells and reconfigure the immune microenvironment of tumors. This writing guideline attempts to delve into the regulatory mechanism of the NF-κB pathway in the tumor microenvironment and the consequences in cancer therapy through immunotherapy. It also addresses the existing issues and gives suggestions about the clinical applications in the future.