Common Prevention and Treatment Strategies for Gynecological Cancers

Abstract

Breast cancer, ovarian cancer and cervical cancer pose a serious threat to women’s health. Their initiation and progression are closely associated with multiple factors, including genetic susceptibility, abnormalities in DNA repair, viral infection and hormonal regulation. This review systematically summarizes the main preventive strategies and current treatment status of the three cancers. In terms of prevention, particular emphasis is placed on the roles of genetic screening, pharmacological interventions, HPV vaccination, and healthy lifestyle modifications in reducing cancer risk. Regarding treatment, the review outlines comprehensive therapeutic approaches based on surgery and radiotherapy/chemotherapy, combined with targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and maintenance therapy, and analyzes their advantages and limitations across different disease stages. Overall, precise screening and stageadapted treatment strategies can significantly improve patient prognosis; however, the appropriate populations and long-term efficacy of emerging therapeutic approaches require further investigation and validation. Future efforts should integrate molecular subtyping and biomarkers to optimize precision prevention and comprehensive treatment strategies for gynecological malignancies.