The Development and Systematic Transfer of China’s Green Energy Technology and Industry

Abstract

This study examines the development of China’s green energy sector and its role in advancing international technology transfer, particularly toward developing countries facing acute energy shortages. Drawing on policy evolution, industrial expansion, and global comparative data, the paper illustrates how China has rapidly emerged as a global leader in renewable energy through largescale investment, technological innovation, and the establishment of a comprehensive industrial chain. The study further analyzes China’s successful cases of wind and solar technology transfer in Kazakhstan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Vietnam, demonstrating how these projects improve energy security, reduce carbon emissions, stimulate local employment, and support economic transformation. However, despite these advantages, China’s international technology transfer efforts face persistent structural challenges, including geopolitical tensions, global protectionism, limited participation in international standard-setting, weaker global brand trust, and the developmental constraints of recipient countries. Overall, the paper argues that China possesses strong technological and industrial capacity for renewable energy diffusion, but its international influence is shaped not only by technical capabilities but also by political, institutional, and global governance factors.