The Role of Dark Matter Halos in Galaxy Formation and Evolution

Abstract

Dark matter halos play a pivotal role in the formation and evolution of galaxies in the ΛCDM cosmological paradigm. This paper combines theoretical, observational, and simulation-driven approaches to expound their role. In theory, halos are formed through gravitational collapse, exhibiting characteristic properties (e.g., NFW density profiles, mass functions) that provide support for the cosmic web structure. The gravitational potential well generated by them can cause black hole matter accretion, thus regulating the cooling of gas, the formation of stars, and the process of supernova or Active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. The assembly history of dark halos (Halo mergers and their effects on galaxy morphology) and the environmental effect (The impact of clusterscale halos on galaxy evolution) further shape the path of galaxy formation and evolution. Observational evidence – from Gravitation Lensing (Insights from lensing surveys) to Galaxy Kinematics (Rotation curves of galaxies). Regarding insights from simulations, another focus is on cosmological simulations and comparing the simulation data with observations. In summary, dark matter holes are a crucial center of cross-cosmic time, connecting cosmic structure and galaxy properties. The remaining open questions suggest a need for a deeper understanding of its interaction with galaxies through future observations and simulations.