Visible Light Transmittance Optimization of a Multi-Layer Glass Structure Based on the Fish Swarm Algorithm

Abstract

This paper proposes a three-layer glass thickness optimization method based on the fish swarm algorithm to address the problem of high air conditioning cooling load caused by solar radiation in southern summer buildings, to minimize solar transmission energy in the 300-2000nm wavelength range. Firstly, a transmittance model is constructed based on the optical properties of glass, and a method for calculating the total transmittance energy is derived. Secondly, with the thickness of the three-layer glass (L1, L2, L3) as the optimization variable, a fish swarm algorithm is used to design the optimization process. The experimental results show that the fish swarm algorithm converges around the 80th generation, and the optimized three-layer glass thickness combination is L1=8.61mm, L2=3.64mm, L3=4.88mm. The total transmitted energy (relative value) decreased from the initial 1330.5 to 1325.7962, with a decrease of approximately 3.3%. The optimized transmittance in the visible light band (450-750nm) is 0.7755, and the transmittance in the near-infrared band (750-2000nm) is 0.7795, both significantly lower than the pre-optimization level. This method effectively improves the thermal insulation performance of glass through collaborative optimization of thickness parameters, providing a quantitative solution for building energy-saving design.